岩漿存在於650℃到1200℃的溫度中。可低至650℃,高至1400℃。熔岩中含有1~8%的揮發性物質。 岩漿處於高壓之中,有時會經由火山道(或譯火山管、火山流口)以熔岩流或是以火山碎屑物的火山噴出物的形式冒出。 這些火山噴發的產物通常包括了從沒到過地表的液體、結晶體及溶解氣體等。岩漿會在地殼中各自分離的岩漿庫內集結,不同地方的岩漿組成成份會稍有不同。
岩漿(Magma)專指未噴出火山口的,熔岩(Lava)則指已噴出來的。
The Earth’s Crust
The first layer consists of about 1o miles of rock and loose materials, scientists call the crust. Underneath the continents, the crust is almost three times as thick, as it is under the oceans. |
The Earth’s Outer Core
Traveling still deeper within the Earth, we next would encounter the Earth’s outer core, which extends to a depth of around 3000 miles beneath the surface. It is believed that this outer core is made up of super-heated liquid molten lava. This lava is believed to be mostly iron and nickel.
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The Earth’s Inner Core
Finally, we would reach the Earth’s inner core. The inner core extends another 900 miles inward towards the center of the Earth. It is believed that this inner core is a solid ball of mostly iron and nickel.
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